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Dunmanway killings
The Dunmanway killings, also known as the Dunmanway murders or the Dunmanway massacre, refers to the killing of thirteen Protestant men and boys in and around Dunmanway, County Cork, between 26–28 April 1922. This happened in a period of truce after the end of the Irish War of Independence (in July 1921) and before the outbreak of the Irish Civil War in June 1922. All the dead and missing were Protestants,〔Coogan, p. 359, Hart, pp. 282-85.〕 which has led to the killings being described in some sources as sectarian. Six were killed as purported British informers and loyalists,〔Meda Ryan, pp. 211-13〕 while four others were relatives killed in the absence of the target. Three other men were kidnapped and shot dead in Bandon as revenge for the killing of an IRA officer after a home invasion. One man was shot and survived his injuries.〔〔Ryan, pp. 211–13.〕
It is not clear who ordered the attacks or carried them out.〔〔Ryan, pp. 153-55.〕〔Hart, pp. 113, 277.〕 However, in 2014 the ''Irish Times'' released a confidential memo from the then-Director of Intelligence Colonel Michael Joe Costello (later managing director of the Irish Sugar Company) in September 1925 in relation to a pension claim by former Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer Daniel O'Neill of Enniskean, County Cork, reveals his name as one responsible: "O'Neill is stated to be a very unscrupulous individual and to have taken part in such operations as lotting () of Post Offices, robbing of Postmen and the murder of several Protestants in West Cork in May 1922. A brother of his was shot dead by two of the latter named, Woods and Hornbrooke (), who were subsequently murdered."〔("Intimidation and murder of Protestants by elements of the IRA" ), irishtimes.com; accessed 19 August 2014.〕
Sinn Féin and IRA representatives, from both the pro-Treaty side, which controlled the Provisional Government in Dublin and the anti-Treaty side, which controlled the area the killings took place in, immediately condemned the killings.〔
The motivation of the killers remains unclear. It is generally agreed that they were provoked by the fatal shooting of IRA commandant Michael O'Neill by a loyalist whose house was being raided on 26 April.〔''New York Times'', 28 April 1922, Tim Pat Coogan, ''Michael Collins'', p. 359, Meda Ryan, ''Tom Barry, IRA Freedom Fighter'', p. 158, Peter Cotrell, ''The Anglo-Irish War, The Troubles of 1913–1922'', p. 78, Peter Hart, ''The IRA and its Enemies'', pp. 282-85.〕 Some historians have claimed there were sectarian motives;〔 others claim that those killed were targeted only because they were suspected of having been informers during the Anglo-Irish War, and argue that the dead were associated with the "Murragh Loyalist Action Group", and that their names appeared in captured British military intelligence files which listed them as "helpful citizens" during the Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921),〔Ryan, pp. 212-213, 448.〕〔(Info re alleged informers in Cork ), westcorktimes.com; accessed 19 August 2014.〕
==Background==
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